The Acceptability Of Digital Evidence - 849 Words

few published papers describing how judges make this decision. There weren t publicly published results of such or similar scientific research in the region (Balkan Country, The South East Europa and wider). Essential for understanding the acceptability of digital evidence is to understand two basic principles which are mentioned within the acceptability of digital evidence in courts. These are Daubert principle and Frye test. Daubert principle, as mentioned, replaced longtime used „Frye testâ€Å", and according to it, science and scientific methods are increasingly introduced as mandatory in expertise and presentation of digital evidence. American Rule 702, as part of the Federal Rules of Evidence, provides guidance on expert qualification and reduces the possibility of bias in expertise. Rule 702 of the American legislation is used as a preventive for possible speculations by experts, and which judge could use. In order to be properly informed and to be able to make decisions on the acceptability of digital evidence in court, and to understand expert witness testimony, the judges and the jury must own certain knowledge about information and communication technologies (ICTs) [1, 2,3]. In most case that knowledge is not based on formal training and education, rather than on personal experience and knowledge which is gained through computer and Internet use [4,5]. In his research Mason [6] presented several complex situations with which the judges encounter and have to copeShow MoreRelatedEffects Of Hypertension On Patients With Hypertension1347 Words   |  6 Pagesgarlic as an intervention in patients with hypertension. Ried et al (2010) conducted a double blind parallel-randomized placebo-controlled design, quantitative study. The purpose of this study was to assess the effect, tolerability and acceptability of aged garlic extract as an additional treatment to already antihypertensive medication in patients with treated, but uncontrolled hypertension (Ried et al, 2010). The researchers used specific criteria to select their participants. Some criteriaRead MoreImproving The Medication Adherence On Health Behaviors Across Races1503 Words   |  7 Pagesincluded all diabetes patients who were prescribed statins and who refilled prescriptions with Kaiser Permanente Northern California (diverse patient population) [4]. Statins were used as a medication class on which the refill function was studied. The evidence was in the form of percentage of time without statins. The data were interpreted using statistical tools for analysis and interpretation. It was observed through the analysis that 12.9% was the average percentage of time without the supply of statinsRead MoreSocial Media And Its Impact On The Current Population1019 Words   |  5 Pagesallows the creation and exchange of user-generated content.†(1) Social Media is a web-based product that is optimized solely by the use of its public. The only way social media can expand depends exclusively on the user and their wants. The new digital age has brought about extraordinary developments in technology that has altered the way many people access and use information. The consistent technological developments that help connect the world can be seen as either beneficial or detrimental toRead MoreDisadvantages Of Technology1714 Words   |  7 Pagesexpend on their digital devices surpasses the amount of sleep they receive in a days’ time. Within today’s society technology reigns over every aspect of life. However, one element has eluded this sovereignty all the while remaining prevalent in our world still exists. This entity that has survived is simply called school. Although the current education system has remained constant for millennia, it is time for the past to interchange into the future. The upbringing of the digital age has arrivedRead MoreThe Impact Of Electronic Patient On Patient Care : A Systematic Review Of Controlled Trials1646 Words   |  7 Pagesas systemic review has alrea dy been conducted, paper on telemonitoring systems were also not included where the focus was only to provide information to patients. A literature search was conducted on PubMed, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, EMBASE, ACM Digital Library and UMIT’s own Evaluation Database for relevant studies [2]. The search for the research paper was done by feeding query. The query search was ‘medical record system’ and ‘patient portal’. The duplicates were then removed. The authors wereRead MoreCurrency Money For Digital Currency And Advantages Of Different Forms Of Money2880 Words   |  12 Pages From commodity money to digital currency advantages and disadvantages of different forms of money 1. Introduction Throughout the history we can see different standards of values and structures of using money, for example commodities (gold, silver, cooper, salt), paper money, credit card, mobile phone banking services via SMS, Euro currency in 23 countries, Bitcoin or most latest Facebook Credits. There was an interesting and very accurate assumption made by J. Surowiecki (2012), he wrote thatRead MoreHow Microvascular Reconstructive Surgery Is An Effective Way For The Medical Team Essay2429 Words   |  10 Pagesadjunct method of free flap monitoring comparted to traditional methods. This proposal will discuss the relevance of using digital photographs and internet technology as a means to improve response times between the nurse and the primary plastic surgeon that increase salvage rates of ischemic flaps. Conclusive findings from two studies involving 200 free flaps indicate that digital photographs and smart phone communication resulted timely intervention by the plastic that contributed to the success ofRead MoreEssay Describing and Discussing the Processes and Challenges Involved in Identifying, Recovering, Securing, Examining, Analysing and Preparing Digital Evidence from a Crime Scene4924 Words   |  20 PagesTable of Contents Section1: Introduction 2 Section 2: Describe digital evidence 2 Section 3: Explain the key principles of cyber forensics 5 Standardization 5 Evidence integrity and reliability 5 Section 4: Discuss investigation processes 6 Preserve evidence 6 Locate evidence 6 Select evidence 7 Analyze evidence 7 Validate evidence 7 Present evidence 7 Section 5: Discuss and the importance of crime reconstruction hypotheses and alternative 7 Section 6: Conclusion 8 Reference 8 ResearchRead MoreAfrican Immigrant s Beliefs And Lifestyle Behaviors That May Impact Health2272 Words   |  10 PagesAfrican immigrant’s beliefs and lifestyle behaviors that may impact health. According to the researchers, there is need to find out how health providers can help to promote healthy eating and physical activity. Researchers indicated that Limited evidence shows that African immigrants tend to be healthier than US-born white and African Americans. Immigrants may face barriers in maintaining healthy native diets or acquiring healthy physical activity habits in their new countries. The researcher indicatesRead MoreThe Impact Of Internet On Its Day Today Happenings2313 Words   |  10 Pagesof human life. Out of all, banking operations have greater impact of ICT on its day-today happenings. An e-cash payment system is one of the evidence of impact of internet and information Communication technology jargons. In this process a consumer/client opens an account with the banking organization or other which could give and receive money in the digital coins form. In the case client s account is deposited in the form of real money, as it is attached to the client s checking account in reality

The First Programmable Computer Ever Created - 1281 Words

The first programmable computer ever created, ENIAC made in 1946 sparked a promising advancement in technology. Each passing generation brought a new groundbreaking advancement in computer technology. And with each advancement, the previous generation quickly became obsolete. A computer made in 1985 would almost certainly be inferior to a computer made the next year. But a computer made in 2010 can still be widely used and integrated into 2016 computing. This leads me to believe that improvements in computers are slowing down and furthermore, that computer technology is plateauing. Arguably the most important creation would be the integrated circuit which allowed cpus and the circuit board to pack more power into a smaller design. But after this technology was created, there was a noticeable lack of any more groundbreaking advancements. â€Å"Each technology generation alters circuit physics and requires new computer aided design software.†(Markov). Markov makes a good point here. He says that for every stone we pass in technology, circuit physics advances or changes and we must account for it. When this happens, we must also change the means in which we manufacture, typically with computer-design software. Take for example when the integrated circuit was created, we could not use obsolete technology in our chips and electronics, Small scale integration (SSI) of the integrated circuit began in 1964, seeing their first use in early aerospace projects. The next level ofShow MoreRelatedSteve Jobs Essay862 Words   |  4 Pagesdropouts joined together to st art Apple Computer in 1976. They are credited for inventing the first computer for home use. They made it possible for people to have a computer anywhere in their home, or on an office desk, where previously a single computer took up a whole room. There creation changed the world. However Steve Jobs didn’t change what was in the products but how they looked, functioned, and what they meant. In 1776 the Apple I was finished being created. Jobs and Wozniak had spent six monthsRead MoreA Comparative Study Of Risc, Mainframe, And Vector Processor Architectures Essay1218 Words   |  5 Pages A comparative study of RISC, CISC, Mainframe, and Vector processor architectures Over all the world there are software programmable devices for all applications for different uses and purposes. Also there are software programmable devices that are used only for networking applications, they are called Network Processors. Network Processors have evolved over the years and have a lot of different types for same and different purposes. Network Processors are used for moving data from place to anotherRead MoreAnalyzing The Multi User Operating System With Li And Ci Analysis811 Words   |  4 Pagesin addition to show realistic, gives a greater number of abilities than prohibitive character-based interface. In any case the character interface is truly essential and considered great from another perspective: it is more programmable and more capable than any GUI can ever be. Additionally we have to recognize that thought of GUI interface from most regular execution - mouse-based registration drop sort of interface that is frequently connected with this term. It is only one conceivable usage ofRead MoreAutomation And The Assembly Line Essay1443 Words   |  6 Pages Automation has taken many forms in the past century with new technologies being introduced and great innovations being made. Automation was first established in 1913 with the assembly line: â€Å"The introduction of the assembly line at Ford Motor Company in 1913 is often cited as one of the first forms of automation† (Dias, 2014). While this type of automation is very different from what we experience today, it is a great example of just how time saving it can be to add automation to a production processRead MoreHistory of Video Games740 Words   |  3 PagesIn 1943 the first ever computer was built by British engineer, Tommy Flowers. It was a digital programmable computer. In 1952 a Tic-Tac-Toe based game was created by Alexander Douglas. You could say that was the first video game but in 1958 a game called Tennis for Two was created by William Ginbotham and Robert Dvorak. Afterward for people began and started to explore video games. In 1962 Space War was created by Steve Russle but was never released , this started a roar for the first gamers. WallaceRead MoreComputer Company : A Whole New Era Of Technology1426 Words   |  6 Pagesof the very first computer company was founded, thus beginning a whole new era of technology that has evolved over a period of 76 years and has yet to slow down. Throughout the decades computers have transformed from machines that took up the space of an entire room, to fitting in the palm of your hand. Computers come in all shapes, sizes, and types such as desktops, laptops, cellphones and even game systems. While computers have an assortment of functions and purposes, some computers only have oneRead MoreHistory Of Computers During World War II948 Words   |  4 PagesHistory of Computers Introduction In today’s modern world, it’s hard to imagine life without computers. Throughout the decades, computers have gotten better, faster, and smaller. It’s hard to imagine that before the 20th century almost all calculations were done by mechanical devices such as the electromechanical computers; or, the first digital computers that had huge tubes around them that you had to designate a whole room just to fit the computer in. Today we have Internet, phone book, picturesRead MoreGrace Murray Hopper:The Spark for the Information Explosion Essay599 Words   |  3 PagesMany people today complain about how slow their computer is. They claim it takes forever to boot up, has slow internet, and can’t run the latest game. But, can you imagine if you didn’t have a computer at all? Nowadays, computers have revolutionized almost everything: mail, news, business, marketing, schools, and even gaming. They are trusted with humanly-impossible tasks and are many peopl e’s main gateway to the real world. Have you ever given thought to who is to thank for all of this? Was itRead MoreSteve Wozniaks Journey to Creating Apple Computers Essay993 Words   |  4 Pagesall full. So Steve went back to his parents to tell them the news, and they agreed to send him to Colorado University for his first year of college. He was not a dedicated student, since he liked to pull pranks such as jamming residents cable in the dorms. Regardless, he will land several engineering jobs which would eventually lead to the invention of the Apple Computer. Steve wanted to continue at Colorado University, but he knew his parents could not afford it. He decided to go to DeAnzaRead MoreThe Impact Of Modern Day Cryptography On Society Today1407 Words   |  6 Pagescreation of the computer it existed in a very primitive form. During World War I cryptography became an important focus in order to create secure messages that were not vulnerable to enemy capture. With the invention of the computer, it quickly became possible to create complex encryption schemes that are nearly impossible to attack. The beginnings of modern day cryptography can be traced back to the 1920s with the Enigma machine and the 1940s with the creation of electronic computers such as Colossus

Finance Asian Financial Crisis

Question: Discuss about the Financefor Asian Financial Crisis. Answer: Solution: The Asian financial crisis occurred in 1997-98 provided valuable lessons which are as follows: There is a need to receive debt in terms of foreign currencies at low level as overborrowing in foreign currencies results in the occurrence of financial crisis. This has led to low external debt to GDP ratio and low corporate short term external debt. Therefore it is advisable to the companies to hold debt in terms of foreign currencies at low level. In addition to this, the financial crisis of Asia also results in the provision of flexibility in the Asian currencies. The main reason behind it is that the financial crisis occurred due to loss of value of various Asian currencies to 50% during the financial crisis (Wolf, 2007). In addition to this, many Asian countries have forced to bailout to International Monetary Fund due to which in recent years countries focused on building up its foreign exchange reserves as a buffer to cover approximately 15 months of imports. Liquidity in the domestic bond market provide an opportunity to Asian markets to borrow for finance spending. The financial crisis in 1997-98 has provided a lesson to offset capital outflows by maintaining current account surpluses. Besides this, decline in the commodity prices have helped in increasing the trade surpluses as the Asian countries are net importers of commodities. After 1997, the Asian countries manage their short term liquidity problems by making a multilateral currency swap agreements. This also helps in increasing the transparency in the information related to finances of the countries (Carney, 2009). Solution: Credit risk is a default risk on a debt when a borrower fails to make the payment of the debt. It is the risk in which a lender may lose the payment to be received as a principal and interest associated with the loan. This risk arises due to the expectation of the borrower to utilize future cash flows to repay the current debt (Wagner, 2008). Solution: There are two approaches used by banks to measure the credit risk capital adequately as a component of pillar 1 namely standardized approach and internal ratings based approach. Under the standardized approach, credit risk is measured in a standardized manner as supported by external credit assessments. In the internal rating based approach, there is a requirement of explicit approval of the supervisor of a bank in which the internal ratings systems is used to calculate credit risk (Musch, et al. 2008). Solution: Under Standardized approach, there is a set of credit risk measurement techniques under the capital adequacy rules of Basel II for banking institutions. Under this approach, commercial banks are required to use the ratings provided by external credit rating agencies for the purpose of quantify the required capital for credit risk. In this method a capital ratio is calculated by the use of regulatory capital and risk weighted assets. Besides this, the capital ratio must not be lower than 8%. Besides this, risk weighted assets are calculated by multiplying the capital requirements related to market risk and operational risk by 12.5 and addition of the figures obtained to the sum of risk weighted assets for credit risk (Musch, et al. 2008). Solution: Nowadays, it is mandatory for the companies to disclose the relevant and material information related to the business activities by the companies listed on stock exchanges which are sensitive to the movement of stock prices on stock exchange. The main reason behind it is that the disclosed information results in affecting the decisions of the investors. It is required for the companies to disclose important information related to it such as corporate restructuring, expansion of the business, disclosure of financial information and so on which has a direct impact on the investment decisions of the investors. Such information has a direct impact on the stock prices of the companies listed on the stock exchange (Westbrook, 2014). It is necessary for the companies to provide information related to the changes made in the organization for the purpose of attracting investors to make investment in the companies which in turn helps in raising funds for the company. Thus, information is consi dered as the lifeblood of an efficient stock exchange. Solution: A company that has a knowledge that a particular piece of information has a significant impact on the prices of the stock of a company are required to be disclosed to ASX. The information disclosed by the company would be considered material if the people that commonly invest in the securities are likely to be affected by the piece of information as per the Corporations Act. Besides this, such information is also considered material if it has a significant influence on the buying and selling decisions of the investors. In addition to this, it is also important for the companies listed on ASX to provide continuous reporting of the events carried out by the company in order to provide full information to the investors in a quick manner so that they can make effective decisions in a quick manner (Plessis, McConvill, and Bagaric, 2005). Solution: Five pieces of information that are being regarded as material and should be reported to stoick exchange include the following: It is essential for the companies to disclose information related to a transaction that results in bringing a significant change in the nature of the activities of an entity. It is also essential for the company to provide the information related to under subscription and over subscription of an issue of securities. The information related to the termination, variations and entry into material agreement. Such information entails the grabbing of an opportunity by the company and has a significant impact on the financial position of the company. The information related to appointment of a administrator or liquidator by the company. The information related to discovery of a material, mineral or hydrocarbon. Such type of information has a direct influence on the stock prices and decisions of the investors in a significant manner (Plessis, Hargovan and Bagaric, 2010). Solution: In the dividend reinvestment schemes, the investors receive additional shares in place of cash dividend. These shares are issued at a discount on the current market price of the shares of the company. In addition to this, due to occurrence of capital gain tax, the investor receives a cash dividend and then buys the addition shares. It has many advantages as a source of equity funding. The companies can retain its capital by providing dividends in the form of shares rather than in cash which can be used to pay debt or make investment to expand the business operations (Brigham and Houston, 2012). Solution: The main advantage of the dividend reinvestment scheme from the viewpoint of the company is that it results in the retention of the capital of the company in order to make investments in expansion of the business activities or paying off of the debt of the company. In addition to this, from the view point of the investor or shareholder is that there is no need to make the payment of the brokerage fees by the shareholder. Besides this, this also results in increasing the savings of the investors as they do not the dividend in the form of cash so that they can spend rather their profit is being reinvested in the company in an automatic manner to generate more profits (Damodaran, 2010). Solution: There is a possibility that the company has limited investment opportunities due to which there is no requirement of the additional funds raised through dividend reinvestment scheme due to which companies suspend the schemes from time to time. This may also results in diluting the earning per share of the company (Lumby and Jones, 2003). Solution: The strategy adopted by the company is that the company has save the amount to be paid in cash related to dividend by issuing one bonus share on three shares held by the investor. Such funds can be utilize for making investment in expansion of the business or paying off the debt of the company. The term cum-dividend refers to the payment of the dividend to shareholder in the near future. In this, the company has made the announcement of making a payment of the dividend but it has yet to be paid. Under this, if a shareholder has sold the shares of cum dividend then they are not entitled to receive a dividend on the sold shares. In case of ex-dividend, the shareholder is entitled to receive the dividend even if it sells the ex-dividend shares to another person. In this case the new owner of the shares is not entitled to receive dividend on the shares (Steiner, 2012). Solution: The theoretical price of the share after the bonus issue and the dividend payment occurred is ($14.70-$0.45) $14.25. Solution: First of all, the share prices have been assumed for a company for 6 months and then a line chart has been drawn. In addition to this, a return has been calculated by subtracting the share price of next month with previous month and divided by the share price of previous month. In this manner return has been calculated for 6 months. After that a line chart has been drawn. Solution: The head and shoulder pattern is the most popular pattern in the trend line. It is a reversal pattern which is formed and moved against the previous trend. The top of a head and shoulder signals that a price of security tends to fall once the pattern is completed and is formed at the peak of an upward trend. The inverse head and shoulder pattern signals that the prices of security is tend to rise and forms during a downward trend (Cheng, 2007). Solution: During the analysis of trend lines, the five reasonably reliable generalizations are as follows: If a trend line is long and tested more number of times then it has a greater validity. Along with this, if there is an occyurrence of indecisive break due to carrying out three or four tests at the time the trend line is long then the original trend is retained and there is an ignorance of penetration. When the established trend line is broke due to intra- day trades then it signalizes weakening trend if break out is on high trading volumes. If the chartist has not attained well established trend on return line that it would result in the deterioration of the trend. If a trend is break at the downside then fall in the prices from it often make a return move towards the line. This provides a good selling point to the trader if it has not sold it at a break of the trend (Acar and Satchell, 2002). References Acar, E. and Satchell, S. 2002. Advanced Trading Rules. Butterworth-Heinemann. Brigham, E.F. and Houston, J.F. 2012. Fundamentals of Financial Management. Cengage Learning. Cheng, G. 2007. 7 Winning Strategies For Trading Forex: Real and actionable techniques for profiting from the currency markets. Harriman House Limited. Damodaran, A. 2010. Applied Corporate Finance. John Wiley Sons. Lumby, S. and Jones, C. 2003. Corporate Finance: Theory Practice. Cengage Learning EMEA. Musch, F.C. et al. 2008. Basel II Implementation in the Midst of Turbulence. CEPS. Plessis, J.D., McConvill, J. and Bagaric, M. 2005. Principles of Contemporary Corporate Governance. Cambridge University Press. Plessis, J.J.D., Hargovan, A. and Bagaric, M. 2010. Principles of Contemporary Corporate Governance. Cambridge University Press. Steiner, B. 2012. Mastering Financial Calculations: A step-by-step guide to the mathematics of financial market instruments. Pearson UK. Wagner, N. 2008. Credit Risk: Models, Derivatives, and Management. CRC Press. Westbrook, I. 2014. Strategic Financial and Investor Communication: The Stock Price Story. Routledge. Wolf, M. 2007. The lessons Asians learnt from their financial crisis. [Online]. Available at: https://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/efb6e612-08ca-11dc-b11e-000b5df10621.html?ft_site=falcondesktop=true#axzz4Ub04hTao [Accessed on: 2 January 2017]. Carney, R. 2009. Lessons from the Asian Financial Crisis. Routledge.

Jane Eyre Essays (345 words) - English-language Films, British Films

Jane Eyre annon Charlotte Bronte uses violence in several scenes throughout the novel. The violence in the novel is not fatal to anyone, it is just used to catch the readers eye. This novel consists of many emotional aspects. For example, the violence in the scene where Mr. Mason gets attacked. The attack really upsets Jane and Mr. Rochester. In the novel Jane Eyre Charlotte Bronte uses several acts of violence to create suspense, mystery, and characterization. This scene is probably the best one to create the suspense of the novel. It keeps a person interested in the book and wanting to know what happens next. There is no way of knowing why this happened, who does it, or if Mr. Mason is going to live or die. That is why Charlotte Bronte used violence to create this kind of suspense. So a person would be interested enough in the novel to keep reading. The mystery is a mystery itself, there is a secret at Thornfield and Jane can sense this. Then there is the mystery of the person who committed this act of violence. Jane suspects who it might be, but she is not for sure. To find out the mystery of the house and the person who did it a person has to solve it. Finally, there is the characterization of Bertha. From the way Rochester talks about Bertha at first she seems pretty normal, but he says how she become after they get married. She turned into someone he did not know, a crazy psychopath, mad woman. Rochester wanted to hide this from everyone even Jane, Bertha cares for no one but herself. She does not care who she hurts, she proved this when she hurt Mr. Mason her own brother. At last, the end of the novel, The suspense, mystery, and characterization are all told. The person that this all revolved around was Bertha. It was Charlotte Bronte s clever way of keeping the novel interesting and the reader interested. She even tells us what happens ten years later. She does this so they will be no mystery or suspense of what was going to happen in their future.

Hospital Sketches by Louisa May Alcott essays

Hospital Sketches by Louisa May Alcott essays The chapter 'A Night', in Louisa May Alcott's Hospital Sketches, is the most inspired chapter in the book. It tells the story of a fatally wounded Virginia blacksmith John, and it fell to Alcott to tell the dying man of his imminent fate and to pen John's final letter home to his family as he dictated it. The man died while squeezing Alcott's hand. She described that none of the deaths that she summoned in her life would make her heart ache as it did with John the blacksmith. Louisa argued that Civil War army nursing was particularly difficult because of the advanced technology of warfare which had created many weapons which were powerful and efficient - but medical science and technology had not advanced accordingly. In the absence of treatments, wounded limbs were amputated, frequently without the benefit of chloroform, using nothing more than a strong shot of whiskey. These treatments were excruciating, and often introduced new infections which were more dangerous than the wounds themselves. In the chapter 'A Day', Alcott provides some clear examples of both the conditions of injured soldiers and the difficult tasks that nurses encountered during the Civil War. For example, she wrote "In they came, some on stretchers, some in men's arms, some feebly staggering along propped on rude crutches, and one lay stark and still with covered face, as a comrade gave his name to be recorded before they carried him away to the dead house." (Page 71) Compared with today, soldiers during the Civil War era did not have much access to medicine or medical equipment to help ease their wounds and pain. Many of them died instantly without being sent to the hospital, while those who survived often lived their lives in great pain and suffering from their injuries. Alcott attempted to inject humanity into the horrific situation that she witnessed in the hospital so at times, she infuses her writing with humor. However, it's evident that she was ...

The Tropical Rainforest Biome

The Tropical Rainforest Biome All tropical rainforests have similar characteristics including climate, precipitation, canopy structure, complex symbiotic relationships and an amazing diversity of species. However, not every tropical rainforest can claim exact characteristics when compared by  region or realm  and there are rarely clear defining boundaries. Many may blend with adjoining mangrove forests, moist forests, mountain forests, or tropical deciduous forests. Tropical Rainforest Location Tropical rainforests mainly occur inside the worlds equatorial regions. Tropical rainforests are restricted to the small land area between the latitudes 22.5 ° North and 22.5 ° South of the equator - between the Tropic of Capricorn and the Tropic of Cancer. The global distribution of the tropical rainforest can be broken into four continental regions, realms or biomes: the Ethiopian or Afrotropical rainforest, the  Australasian  or Australian rainforest, the Oriental or Indomalayan/Asian rainforest, and the Central and South American Neotropical. Importance of the Tropical Rainforest Rainforests are cradles of diversity. They spawn and support 50 percent of all living organisms on Earth even though they cover less than 5% of Earths surface. A rainforests importance is truly incomprehensible when it comes to species diversity. Losing the Tropical Rainforest Just a few thousand years ago, tropical rainforests are estimated to have covered as much as 12% of the land surface on earth. This was about 6 million square miles (15.5 million square km). Today it is estimated that less than 5% of Earths land is covered with these forests (about 2 to 3 million square miles). More importantly, two-thirds of the worlds tropical rainforests exist as fragmented remnants. The Largest Tropical Rainforest The largest unbroken stretch of rainforest is found in the Amazon river basin of South America. Over half of this forest lies in Brazil, which holds about one-third of the worlds remaining tropical rainforests. Another 20% of the worlds remaining rainforest exists in Indonesia and the Congo Basin, while the balance of the worlds rainforests is scattered around the globe in tropical regions. Tropical Rainforests Outside the Tropics Tropical rainforests are not just found in tropical regions, but also in temperate regions like Canada, the United States, and the former Soviet Union. These forests, like any tropical rainforest, receive abundant, year-round rainfall, and are characterized by an enclosed canopy and high species diversity but are without the year-round warmth and sunlight. Precipitation An important characteristic of tropical rainforests is moisture. Tropical rainforests usually lie in tropical zones where solar energy produces frequent rainstorms. Rainforests are subject to heavy rainfall, at least 80 and in some areas over 430 of rain each year. High volumes of rain in rainforests can cause local streams and creeks to rise 10-20 feet over the course of two hours. The Canopy Layer Most of life in the tropical rainforest exists vertically in the trees, above the shaded forest floor - in the layers. Each tropical rainforest canopy layer harbors its own unique plant and animal species interacting with the ecosystem around them. The primary tropical rainforest is divided into at least five layers: the overstory, the true canopy, the understory, the shrub layer, and the forest floor. Protection Tropical rainforests are not all that pleasant to visit. They are hot and humid, difficult to reach, insect-infested, and have wildlife that is hard to find. Still, according to Rhett A. Butler in A Place Out of Time: Tropical Rainforests and the Perils They Face, there are undeniable reasons to protect the rainforests: Loss of local climate regulation - With forest loss, the local community loses the system that performed valuable but unnoticed services like ensuring the regular flow of clean water and protecting the community from flood and drought. The forest acts as a sort of sponge, soaking up the tremendous amounts of rainfall brought by tropical downpours, and releasing water at regular intervals. This regulating feature of tropical rainforests prevents destructive flood and drought cycles.Erosion and its effects - The loss of trees, which anchor the soil with their roots, causes widespread erosion throughout the tropics. Only a minority of areas have good soils, which after clearing are quickly washed away by the heavy rains. Thus crops yields decline and the people must spend income to import foreign fertilizers or clear additional forest.Loss of species for forest regeneration - A fully functioning forest has a great capacity to regenerate. Exhaustive hunting of tropical rainforest species can reduce those species necessary to forest continuance and regeneration. The increase of tropical diseases - The emergence of tropical diseases and outbreaks of new diseases including nasty hemorrhagic fevers like Ebola and Lassa Fever is a subtle but serious impact of deforestation.Destruction of renewable resources - Deforestation can rob a country of potential renewable revenues while replacing valuable productive lands with virtually useless scrub and grassland (desertification).

Compare and Contrast an Agency Protest to a General Accounting Office Research Paper - 1

Compare and Contrast an Agency Protest to a General Accounting Office (GAO) protest - Research Paper Example This include establishment of mechanisms through which offerors can question the officials in charge of the procurement procedures in the government departments. In case the procuring agencies are not compliant with the law and regulations governing the procurement process, the aggrieved parties undertake the bid protest. The major forms of federal bid protest include an agency-level protest, protest through the Government Accountability Office (GAO) and the jurisdiction through United States Court of Federal Claims (COFC) (GAO-03-673G Government Auditing Standards, 2012). This paper seeks to compare and contrast an Agency Protest to a General Accounting Office (GAO) Protest. Federal Acquisition Regulations (FAR) 33.103 gives the guidelines that must be followed by the agencies during addressing of the protests generated by the offerors. Having being established by the Executive Order 12979, agency protest stipulates that all the concerned parties must take all the necessary steps to ensure that the conflict is solved in an amicable way. Even though the government has clearly outlined the regulations that control the agency protests, most of the agencies complement the FAR provisions by initiating their own regulations that are not favorable to the offerors. A protest is initiated by an interested party. An interested party is the individual whose economic interest would be adversely affected by the failure to win a contract or through the award of the contact (Robert, 2012). This is one of the major aspects that are common both to agency and GAO protests. There is no jurisdiction on the protests that an agency can handle, since it has the authority to d eal with all the protests that are related to its contracts. However, according to Federal Acquisition Streamlining Act, a protest that is related to delivery order contracts or issuance of task that can be given to various

Compilation of Online Resources on Language and Literacy Programs Research Paper

Compilation of Online Resources on Language and Literacy Programs - Research Paper Example These skills would help the child or the adult to become a more competent person in the society. There are certain disabilities which can also impair the learning and reading capabilities of the children. Measures have also been taken to address such needs. English literacy and its learning have evolved as an important aspect in modern day times. There are also instances where steps have been taken to improve the English learning capabilities of the immigrants and the families coming from the low economic back grounds. Special emphasis has been shown in some countries to develop the learning and literacy levels of the families of young children to help them learn the vocabulary and logical skills in a better and fast manner. Special trainings are given to the volunteers who conduct such trainings. Title- Teacher Education (School-based programs) URL- http://graduate.lclark.edu/departments/teacher_education/current_teachers/reading/ Annotation - Teacher Education is a school-based pro gram in language and literacy. Lewis & Clark’s Language and Literacy Program has been developed to provide an exhaustive view of the literacy for reading and writing programs in the schools. The course of the study emphasizes on the notion that language with its all richness consisting of the different forms and functions, forms the foundation from which a literacy program can evolve. The courses that are in the Language and Literacy Program leads to Reading Endorsement and allows the person to teach reading in all the four levels beginning with early childhood, the elementary level, the middle section and the high school. The program requires on an average 14-15 semester hours and approximate 18 months in part-time study. Title - Rural Language & Literacy Connections (Rural LLC) (School-based programs) URL - http://r2ed.unl.edu/research_programs/research_rural_literacy.shtml Annotation - Rural Language and Literacy Connections (Rural LLC) is learning and literacy program aim ed at the school levels. It is a unique method that has been designed in order to create an intensive form of literacy-based learning program targeting the rural, low-income based children living in Nebraska. The main aims of the Rural LLC are to enhance the oral language capacity of the young children, their phonological awareness, improving the efficiency of the early childhood professionals found in preschools and in the additional child care settings in order to support the future reading. The primary emphasis that is observed in the program is put on the preschool settings that are mostly center-based. Title - DOORWAY INTO PRACTICAL LITERACY (DIPL) (School-based programs) URL - http://www.dipl.com.au/ Annotation- DOORWAY INTO PRACTICAL LITERACY or DIPL is a language and literacy program that is aimed at the children in schools. It is a complex language technique that aims at making both teaching along with learning literacy more fun and thus effective. DIPL has been formed in a way that it can be used for daily classroom use. DIPL incorporates spelling, the reading skills, basic grammar, punctuation and auditory forms in a sequential program that would cater to all learners. DIPL has developed and uses different phonological skills in its areas of literacy. Title - Workplace English Language & Literacy (WELL) (Community-based programs) URL - http://www.ibsa.org.au/news-and-projects/workplace-english-language-and-literacy-well.aspx Annotation - Workplace Engli

Write about two characters whose acting impressed you in Of Mice and Men Essay Example for Free

Write about two characters whose acting impressed you in Of Mice and Men Essay On Wednesday, March the 3rd; Roedean Schools LV English class took a trip to Eastbourne, Devonshire park Theatre, to watch a fantastic performance of Mice and Men. There was a large cast but it was clear to see that George and Lennie were the most impressive and prominent on stage. Thus I have chosen to study them, as I was most impressed by their mannerisms and appearance on stage. I have learnt that John Steinbeck, the author of this novel, is a very skilful creator of characters. It seems to me that his technique is to give a brief preliminary description of the character, and then to let the character convey his own personality to the reader by means of what he does, and more significantly by his speech and mannerisms. After reading the play I had my own idea of what George and Lennie were like, and the performance I saw seemed to have the same ideas, which is what particularly appealed to me. I felt that Lennies appearance really matched his character. From the story itself, we can see that he is in effect, a young child in a large mans body. Matthew Kelly elaborated on Steinbecks sketchy outline of Lennies character. Lennies size, shaved head, messy beard and clothes all added to his appearance. The fact that his clothes were hanging off his body, emphasised his massiveness, awkwardness and inattention to detail. From the way Lennie held himself, with his shoulders sloping, his heavy walk with his feet dragging a little and his arms that hung loosely at his sides, one can tell that he was an introvert and insecure character. His omnipresent hovering near George served to further reinforce this impression. However, I was quite unimpressed by Georges appearance and style, because I felt as though he didnt add any of his own touches. His clothes were functional and thus believable but not very noteworthy. He was suitably small (his physical appearance echoing his social) with defined, sharp features, which gave him a confident but slightly aggressive look. His delivery also left a lot to be desired. I felt that his vocal range was too shouty, thus leaving little scope for expression of true anger / frustration when needed. As well as being un-dynamic, the overall effect was rather tedious for the audience. In contrast, Matthew Kelly varied his lines well, according to the demands of the script. I found the appearance of the set very effective and beautiful. I loved the way they had the little pond in the first scene, and the way sets slid on and off. The set changed quite often, but I noticed that George and Lennie always remained constant in appearance, which I thought enhanced the effect of limited options for the two men. As mentioned above, I found Lennies mannerisms very effective. His constant twitching, which sped up whenever he got nervous or scared, was a convincing touch. His twisted facial expressions showed that he was a mentally ill man, and his shuffling gait made it clear that he felt out of place in his surroundings. However, I did feel that some of Lennies ways and reactions were somewhat overdone and so lost a little of their impact. In one scene they ate dinner together and Lennie was shovelling the beans into his mouth, and spilling them all around. Which is theoretically believable but Lennies acting just amused the audience and didnt get a positive, sympathetic reaction from them, as he wasnt convincing enough. George too had some notably successful mannerisms, besides the fact that he was confident. George had a suitably aggressive persona, he got both angry and defensive at the right times, without exaggerating. At the beginning of the play his character was weak, but as the story built, so did his character. I thought this was a good technique as it emphasised the climax in the story. George and Lennies relationship was another remarkable yet moving feature of this play. They helped support each other, and make things clear for the audience through their acting. It seemed as though George felt a sense of duty and responsibility towards Lennie, as we see him get angry about the things Lennie does but is unable to leave him. Lennie needs George, and would be lost without him, but it is equally true to say that George needs Lennie. George too craves companionship that will stave off the horrors of loneliness. I felt as though this need was evident in their body language and the way in which they dealt with each other. The words, because I got you to look after me, and you got me to look after you, enforced this even further. Overall the whole cast was good, but I felt as though George and Lennie were better than average. I think their relationship was very important, because it actually gave both actors some one to rely on, and a constant companion. Lennie acted his part very well, though he was a bit on the creepy side- and seemed unreal at times. George however, maintained his character all through the play. He got even more involved it at the end, when he had to kill Lennie, in order to save him. This dramatic climax was effective and reached the audience in a meaningful way.

The Problems With Standardized Testing Essay -- Standardized Testing Es

The educational system in the United States has gone through many changes over the last century. These changes are a part of a constant movement toward educational excellence for every child in this nation. One of the most recent acts placed on public school systems by the government is to create more accountability for schools in order to ensure that all children are receiving the proper education. Part of this mandate is that public schools will require students to take tests in order to gather information about their academic achievement. Although educators and administrators claim that the mandatory ability testing programs being initiated in America’s public schools will hold students and teachers accountable for academic achievement, these programs are really causing more problems than they are solving. Mandated standardized testing is also known as â€Å"high-stakes testing†. When the tests are used to evaluate students and to hold educators accountable these tests are deemed to be â€Å"high stakes tests† because the consequences can be serious. An example of a serious outcome of these tests would be whether or not a child moves to the next grade or graduates high school. High stakes test were put into action by our nations policymakers in an attempt to improve education. Shortly after taking office in 2001 President George W. Bush announced his No Child Left Behind, which he called â€Å"the cornerstone of my administration.† (The No Child, 2002) This law has been implemented to ensure that all students reach proficiency within 12 years. No Child Left Behind is increasing accountability for our public school systems. Students in grades 3-8 must take annual test in reading and mathematics. The results of the tests are bro... ...w.ed.gov/offices/OESE/esea/exec-summ.html This article gave the text book definition of The No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 and the governments position on the law. President Gorge Bush’s comments were also posted on this site. Each section on the law was reviewed in this article. Weathers, D. (2001, May). The Evils of Mandatory Testing. Retrieved April 12, 2003, from http://www.lessontutor.com/dw1.html This article was much more of a personal opinion of a concerned parent. Even so I found the information useful in order to compare the pro’s and con’s of this issue. Wright, W. E. (2002, June 5). The Effects of High-Stakes Testing in an Inner-City Elementary School: The curriculum, the teachers, and the English language learners. Current Issues in Education [On-line], 5(5). Retrieved on April 15, 2003. from http://cie.ed.asu.edu/volume5/number5/

The positives and negatives towards physical education

‘Young kids are taking progressively sedentary lives, with physical activity often being displaced by telecasting screening, cyberspace surfboarding and picture gambling ‘ , Myers, Strikmiller, Webber and Berenson ( 1996 ) . Furthermore, great concern has surfaced for this lifestyle alteration as, harmonizing to the World Health Organization ( 2000 ) childhood fleshiness has risen dramatically in the last 10 old ages. When looking at the school context, integrating physical activity or athletics is a likely agency of bettering the physical wellness position of kids, Haskell ( 1994 ) . Harmonizing to research undertaken physical instruction can take to improved cognitive public presentation ; Sibley & A ; Etiner ( 2003 ) . Research besides shows us that in some fortunes physical instruction can take to improved attending and greater concentration, Hillman, Castelli & A ; Buck ( 2005 ) , Shephard ( 1996 ) . With this in head can physical instruction Teach immature people ab out self worth and the value of esteeming others? This paper will research the thought that physical instruction can make these things but besides look at the impudent side of the coin and see if they can hold a negative mentality on students. Prior to the general election in 1997 the labor party stated that ‘Sport can be important to the societal and personal development of immature people and by take parting in featuring activities they can larn to distinguish between good and bad behavior ‘ , ( Crabbe 2000 ) adds that the labor party declared that if elected they would get down developing featuring chances for immature people to, ‘help them further a sense of their value to society and assist undertake jobs of young person offense ‘ . Indeed when elected in 1997 the Labour authorities started back uping athleticss programmes for young persons both in and out of school. It is excessively early in to the new Conservative/Liberal alliance to cognize how they will back up athleticss programmes for kids, as on one manus they have begun programs to get down a schools Olympic manner competition modelled on London 2012, Telegraph ( 2010 ) , but on the other the have already began cuts on public disbursem ent which is extremely likely to impact schools. Within schools, physical instruction is an indispensable constituent of quality instruction. Not merely make physical instruction programmes promote physical activity, but harmonizing to Nicholas ( 2004 ) participants in such programmes are besides shown to hold improved academic public presentation under certain conditions. It is frequently believed that athletics and physical instruction is cardinal to the early development of kids and young person and the accomplishments learned during drama, physical instruction and feature contribute to the holistic development of immature people. Harmonizing to Hendry ( 1993 ) ‘through engagement in athletics and physical instruction immature people learn about the importance of cardinal values such as, honestness, just drama regard for themselves and others and attachment to the regulations ‘ . Collins ( 2003 ) ads it besides provides a forum for immature people to larn how to cover with competition and how to get by with both winn ing and losing. These larning facets highlight the impact of physical accomplishments and abilities. Measuring the relationship between physical instruction and academic accomplishment is a hard undertaking, due to the challenges of shaping and mensurating Physical Education. i.e. it is hard when the clip kids spend in P.E every bit good as the quality of direction they receive varies from school to school. In 2005 a survey was conducted by Grissom ( 2005 ) , of 884,715 pupils in California to measure the relationship between physical fittingness, a marker of physical activity and academic accomplishment over the class of a school twelvemonth. Grissom besides included pupil ‘s socioeconomic position and gender. Grissom ‘s findings supported the presence of a positive relationship between physical fittingness and academic accomplishment. Subsequent analyses revealed that this relationship was stronger for misss than for male childs and stronger for those who came from higher socioeconomic back evidences than those who came from lower socioeconomic backgrounds. Nichols ( 2 007 ) adds to this by saying every bit good as a kid ‘s academic accomplishment improving, ‘through physical instruction they besides learn the value of esteeming others through squad work and competition ‘ . It seems plausible that kids wining at athleticss at school i.e. doing a squad or going captain could do a kid attempt harder at other topics such as maths, English and scientific discipline because the sense of joy they get from accomplishing positive ends in athletics could take to the kid desiring to travel to school. But look at the impudent side of the coin. The survey above was a generalization. Would the survey achieve the same consequences if all the students had non liked physical education/sport? What if a kid hates physical education/sport or even worse loves the athletics but is merely non good plenty to acquire in the squad or nine he or she tries out for. There seems to be small or no research to supply grounds on bettering cognitive public presentation or larning self deserving for those with less ability in a athletics. One could reason that it could hold a negative consequence on cognitive public presentation and classs could get down to drop. The grounds for this co uld be the kid could be bullied about his or hers lack of accomplishment in athletics or the kid could get down to resent traveling to school and attending could drop. In 1985 after a survey by Noles ( 1985 ) , he recommended supplying physical activity in primary schools based on physical activity penchants. He states, ‘by offering a broad assortment of activity types, for illustration, dance, aerobic exercises, running and ball games and let kids to take part in the activity of their pick, you are far more likely to acquire kids to prosecute to the full ‘ . This would be on a day-to-day footing with the intent of supplying regular physical activity and for kids to take portion in something they enjoy. This is supported by the British authorities who recommend 30 proceedingss of moderate to vigorous intensity physical activity per twenty-four hours for kids in primary schools and 5 hours per hebdomad for secondary school pupils, 2.5 hours of which comes through P.E taught in school and a farther 2.5 hours completed through after school squads etc. ‘Specialist athleticss colleges are at the Centre of the authorities ‘s scheme to heighten immature people ‘s chances to take part in a broad scope of athleticss every bit good as lifting the criterion of instruction and acquisition of physical instruction and school athletics ‘ . ( Youth athletics trust 2010 ) . 1997 saw the debut of athleticss colleges as portion of the specializer schools programme in the United Kingdom. Harmonizing to ( Sport England 2010 ) these plans allow secondary schools to specialize in certain Fieldss, in this instance PE, athleticss and dance. Sports colleges are designed to develop a seeable ethos throughout the school and within their local community which will hopefully animate their scholars to prosecute in athletics. Harmonizing to ( specialist athleticss school criterions 2010 ) athleticss colleges will, back up the authoritiess aspiration for all immature people to hold two hours high quality PE per hebdomad within and outside the course of study. Take an appropriate function in the physical instruction, school athletics and nines link. Develop the accomplishments and apprehension of instructors and do greater usage of new engineerings as a manner of raising the quality of instruction and acquisition in PE. Extend proviso and installations to profit all scholars of all featuring abilities, whilst besides giving those with the greatest possible, chances to accomplish the highest criterions of which they are capable. Work with other schools and the wider community to develop and portion good pattern, installations, human and other resources. And eventually are involved in national enterprises ( e.g. Step into Sport ) and competitions that enrich proviso in PE and athletics for their ain scholars and those in their spouse schools. ‘Team games in physical instruction and athletics are frequently where negative behavior, such as cheating, dissent towards teachers/officials, winning/losing ungraciously and inordinate aggression are often exhibited ‘ , Shephard ( 1997 ) , this creates a figure of chances for the instructor to discus behaviors and values associated to these behaviors. The overall purpose of each of the lessons is for the specific behaviors attached to each of the values are modelled by the students and for these behaviors to be taken beyond the field/gymnasium. Harmonizing to Shephard et Al ( 1994 ) , there are peculiar conditions that should use to each lesson that will make a positive acquisition environment for values-based instruction. If the following acquisition conditions are in topographic point the lesson is more likely to be a successful one: ( 1 ) . Teaching manner. The instructor should be confident in utilizing a divergent, child-centred manner. Her/his function is one of facilitator and perceiver. The ability to reflect eloquently on the behavior in the lesson is indispensable. Behaviour that reflect the values are referred to as ‘teachable minutes ‘ . They can be positive or negative illustrations although positive TMs tend to be more effectual than negative. ( 2 ) . A set of nucleus values for the lessons should be identified and put under the streamer of ‘Fair Play ‘ . For the lesson illustrations given are respect, equity, duty, trust and inclusion but they can be chosen harmonizing to the ethos of the school or the demands of the kids. ( 3 ) . The instructor to move as a function theoretical account. It seems plausible that if a instructor wants the kids to show certain behaviors so he/she must pattern those behaviors themselves. For illustration, covering with both winning and losing, and the success and failure that brings, in an honorable manner. ( 4 ) .Building positive relationships. Often a PE instructor has more chance to construct positive relationships with students inside and outside of their lessons. For illustration, a instructor looking for chances to raise the self-pride of a ‘difficult ‘ student by offering congratulations in private whilst walking back to the changing room. In decision, it is unrealistic to claim that physical instruction entirely can take to greater academic accomplishment. Although ( Gatz et al 2002 ) argues that, ‘organised physical instruction programmes, can nevertheless, contribute to giving better moralss and values by giving immature people a positive individuality, feelings of authorization and by assisting young person get leading, teamwork and self-governance accomplishments under grownup supervising ‘ . Furthermore Andrews ( 2010 ) adds to this by saying ‘in general athletics and physical instruction is considered extremely good to the physical and mental development of a kid and non merely does it assist better a kid ‘s co-ordination and increase consciousness of his or her organic structure, but besides helps them interact socially, learn regulations and esteem them, heighten concentration capacity and learn to take duties ‘ . Although surveies in the past all seem to hold that physical instru ction does take to greater cognitive public presentation and Teach kids moralss and values of regard for themselves and others, these are all generalizations. Furthermore the lone thing that does look to be clear is the fact that physical instruction does assist battle kid fleshiness which is a turning concern and few would differ that a kid that looks good would experience good about themselves, giving the kid a sense of ego worth. Golenberg et Al ( 2000 ) discussed the values of the organic structure in relation to the consequence they can hold on ego regard, saying that ‘one ‘s physical organic structure is a possible beginning of ego regard and that non populating up to societal criterions sing the organic structure can hold negative effects for the ego ‘ . ‘Among male childs and misss organic structure dissatisfaction is linked to moo self esteem insecurity and depression ‘ , Cash et Al ( 1986 ) , McCaulay et Al ( 1988 ) , ‘while organic stru cture satisfaction is associated with felicity ‘ , Berscheid et Al ( 1973 ) .

Hamonado Recipe

HAMONADO Ingredient: 1/2 kilogram pork pigue, sliced thinly Marinade: 1/3 cup soy sauce 1/2 cup pineapple juice 1 tablespoon calamansi juice Stuffing: 1 cup carrot strips 1/2 cup sweet pickle relish 1/2 cup pineapple chunks 1/2 cup red bell pepper strips 2 tablespoons cooking oil 1 tablespoon chopped garlic 1/2 cup chopped onions 4 cups water 1/4 cup tomato sauce 3/4 cup sugar 1 tablespoon soy sauce 1/4 cup cornstarch dissolved in 1/2 cup water 2 tablespoons margarine 1 packs 6 grams AJI-SHIO Seasoning Mix with Pepper 1/4 teaspoon AJI-NO-MOTOÂ ® Umami Super Seasoning Procedure Combine soy sauce, pineapple juice and calamansi juice.Add pork and marinate for 2 hours. Flip over after an hour. Drain pork. Lay flat the pork and arrange carrots, pickles, pineapple chunks and red bell peppers. Roll stuffed pork and tie firmly with a string. Set aside. In hot oil, saute garlic and onions until fragrant. Add water and marinated pork rolls. Bring to a boil. Add tomato sauce, sugar, soy sauce and simmer for 30 minutes. Gradually add cornstarch mixture to thicken the sauce. Mix well. Add margarine and simmer for another minute. Sprinkle AJI-SHIO Seasoning Mix with Pepper and AJI-NO-MOTOÂ ® Umami Super Seasoning. Mix well before turning off the fire.To serve: Remove pork from the sauce, untie the strings and slice according to desired thickness. Arrange in a platter and pour sauce on top. Makes 10 slices. SPICY KILAWIN TANIGUE 1/2 kilo tanigue fillet, cut into cubes 1/4cup white vinegar 1 tablespoon sliced ginger, crushed 1 tablespoon chopped red onions 1 tablespoon chopped green chilli (approximately 2 pieces) 1 teaspoon siling labuyo (approximately 1 piece) piece green mango, diced 1/4 cup calamansi, freshly squeezed 1 packet PAL SWEETâ„ ¢ Calorie Free Sweetener 1/8 teaspoon iodized salt 1/2 teaspoon ground black pepper teaspoon MSG 1 tablespoon crushed chicharon (optional) teaspoon chopped spring onions Procedure Mix everything in a bowl. Chill for 30 minutes to 1 h our before serving. Garnish with spring onions. Makes 4-6 servings CLUBHOUSE SANDWICH Ingredients 1 cup mayonnaise 1 pack 2. 8 grams AJI-SHIO Seasoning Mix with Pepper Filling: 1 cup flaked boiled chicken 1 cup chopped fried bacon 1/2 cup sweet pickle relish 1 cup shredded lettuce 4 beaten eggs, fry with1/2 teaspoonAJI-SHIO Seasoning Mix with Garlic 4 pieces pan fried ham 1 cup sliced seeded tomatoes 9 slices cheddar cheese 18-20 slices loaf bread, toasted Procedure Combine mayonnaise and AJI-SHIO Seasoning Mix with Pepper.Mix well and chill. Set aside. Spread mayo-AJI-SHIO Seasoning Mix with Garlic mixture in loaf bread slices. Place chicken on the 1st layer, followed by bacon top with sweet pickle relish on the second layer of bread. Repeat the procedure with remaining fillings alternately with the bread. Secure with toothpick. May slice into 4 rectangular portions for easy serving. Makes 8 servings. Cheese Sticks with Creamy Bacon Dip Ingredients 3/4 cup cheddar cheese sticks 1/2 cup all purpose flour mixed with 1/2 teaspoon AJI-SHIO Seasoning Mix with Pepper 1 beaten egg 1/2 cup breadcrumbs1 cup cooking oil for deep fryingDip: 1/4 cup fried and chopped bacon 1/4 cup cream cheese 1 cup sour cream 1/2 teaspoon AJI-SHIO Seasoning Mix with Garlic Procedure Prepare dip, beat cream cheese until smooth. Add sour cream and mix well. Sprinkle AJI-SHIO Seasoning Mix with Garlic and mix well. Chill for at least 1 hour before serving. Meanwhile, coat cheese sticks with flour AJI-SHIO Seasoning Mix with Peppermixture. Dip in beaten egg then dredge in breadcrumbs. Deep fry coated cheese sticks until golden brown. Serve together with the dip mixed with bacon. Makes 3 servings. Hamburger Steak Ingredients kilo ground beef cup minced onions pieces beaten eggs 2 tablespoons cornstarch 2 tablespoons soy sauce 1 pack 6 grams AJI-SHIO Seasoning Mix with Pepper 2 tablespoons chopped spring onions 1 teaspoon sesame oil Vegetables oil for pan-frying Mushroom Gravy: 2 tablespoons butter 2 tablespoons flour 1 cups meat stock 1/2 cup all purpose cream 1/2 cup sliced button mushrooms 1 tablespoon soy sauce 1 pack 6 grams AJI-SHIO Seasoning Mix with Pepper Procedure In a mixing bowl, combine beef, onions, eggs, cornstarch and soy sauce. Season with AJI-SHIO Seasoning Mix with Pepper. Add spring onions and sesame oil. Combine thoroughly. Form into burger patties.Heat oil in a flat griller or pan, pan-grill each burger patties until cooked. Prepare mushroom gravy, melt butter in a saucepan, add flour and whisk well until mixture thickens. Pour in meat stock and cream. Whisk thoroughly and simmer in low heat. Add mushroom, soy sauce and AJI-SHIO Seasoning Mix with Pepper. Simmer until sauce slightly thickens. Arrange burger patties in a sizzling plate, pour mushroom gravy. HAMBURGER Ingredients 1/2 kilo ground beef cup chopped onions 2 tablespoons chopped spring onions 1/2 cup flour 1 piece beaten egg 1 tablespoon sesame oil 2 packs 8 grams Secret Sangkap All-In-On e Seasoning GranuleProcedure In a bowl, combine ground beef, onions, spring onions, flour, egg, sesame oil and Secret Sangkap All-In-One Seasoning Granule. To attain firm patties, chill mixture for 1 hour inside the refrigerator. Form into patties using a hamburger molder. Pan-fry until cooked. Makes 8 patties Estimated Cooking Time: 1 hour and 30 minutes Tips and Tricks: For a juicer hamburger, add cold water to the beef before grilling (1/2 cup to 1 pound of meat) Tuna SAndwich INGREDIENTS | 4 slices wheat/rye bread1 can San Marino Corned Tuna1 tbsp mayonnaise1 tbsp lemon juice1 hard boiled egg, mashed10 g dill, minced1 small shallot, inced1 tbsp capers1 tsp sugarSalt and pepper TT1 salad tomato sliced thinly2 leaves lolo rosso lettuce1 cup potato chips| | | PROCEDURE | 1. In a bowl, mix together San Marino Corned Tuna, mayonnaise, lemon juice, egg, dill, shallots, capers, sugar, salt and pepper and set aside and chill2. Lightly grill bread until crisp (you can also just toast the bread in toaster)3. To assemble, layer lettuce then tomato on top of 1 slice of bread. Add the tuna filling then top with the other slice of bread and slice in half diagonally4. Serve on plate with chips| | |

Womens Place in Our Society Essay Example

Womens Place in Our Society Essay Example Womens Place in Our Society Essay Womens Place in Our Society Essay Today women are enjoying high place in our society because Islam has given them great respect. In the near past women were considered inferior to men. They were debarred from taking part in social life. Their sphere of activities was limited to domestic work. Up to the 19th century it was believed that women were the servants of the homes of their husbands. In those days women were not allowed to take part in political and social life and administration. Rousseau the French philosopher who never married once said The dignity of woman consists in being unknown to the world her glory is the esteem of her husband her pleasure the happiness of her family. Quite recently women have come to take more and more prominent part in many spheres of life In some respects they have excelled men. In sports intellectual and artist pursuits in office and industry they have set a new record of honesty and efficiency. They have succeeded marvelously as teachers and nurses goldsmith the famous poet and writer made a complaint two centuries ago Women famed of their valour their skill in politics or their learning have left the duties of their own sex in order to invade the privilege of ours. This is what the women are doing today. Now women are enjoying that place in society. Which they could never think of it past. There is particularly no field where women are not competing with men. In professions outdoor life and law they claim equality with men. In business trade industry in the learned professions in politics administration, scientific research literary and artistic activities. Eve is making herself felt everywhere. They are police and military officers. They are working as sale girls as air hostesses and as clerks and steno typists. They are turning out men from the posts of personal secretaries. As the days pass we have to get more and more used to the idea of seeing women working side by side of men riding driving, flying, playing even fighting. Even in Pakistan we have women athletes writers, leaders, administrators. They are fast discarding purdah and taking to active outdoor life. Law has given a woman a status equal to that of man. In nearly every democratic country women have the right to vote. Not only this now women got a chance to become the head of he state. The selection of Benazir Bhutto as Prime Minister twice in a great example of womens place in society. Many other women are also serving at key posts. Many thinkers including most of the Muslims do not like their idea of woman liking an active part in public life and in the professions. They argue that biologically womans function is different from mans she has to be a mother. Women are not suitable for every job. They are too delicate to perform arduous duties of life. The real greatness of a woman lies in her role as mother. It is rightly said the hand that rocks the cradle rules the world. The mother who can bring up the right sort of children is really a great benefactor of society. Islamic society gives a very respectable position to woman. The Holy Prophet has said Verily the paradise lies under the feet of your mother.

Spanish Indirect-Object Pronouns

Spanish Indirect-Object Pronouns Spanish verbs can be accompanied by direct and indirect objects. A direct object is the noun or pronoun that the verb acts directly on, while an indirect object is the person affected by the action but not acted directly upon. So in a sentence such as I see Sam, Sam is the direct object of see because Sam is the object that is seen. But in a sentence such as I am writing Sam a letter, Sam is the indirect object. The item being written is letter, so letter is the direct object. Sam is the indirect object as one who is affected by the verbs action on the direct object. Spanish Differentiates Betweem Direct and Indirect Objects If youre learning Spanish, the distinction can be important to make because Spanish, unlike English, sometimes uses different pronouns for direct and indirect objects. It is also important to note that many Spanish sentences use indirect-object pronouns where a different construction is used in English. For example, me pintà ³ la casa would typically be translated as he painted the house for me. In fact, one sign of an indirect object in English is that it usually can be understood, to use me as an example, as for me or to me. For instance, he bought her the ring is the same as he bought the ring for her. In that first sentence, her is an indirect object. (The Spanish equivalent would be à ©l le comprà ³ el anillo.) Here are the indirect-object pronouns along with their English equivalents and examples of their uses: me - me - Juan me da una camisa. (John is giving me a shirt.)te - you (singular familiar) - Juan te da una camisa. (John is giving you a shirt.)le - you (singular formal), him, her - Juan le da una camisa a usted. (John is giving you a shirt.)  Juan le da una camisa a à ©l.  (John is giving him a shirt.)  Juan le da una camisa a ella.  (John is giving her a shirt.)nos - us - Marà ­a nos da unas camisas. (Mary is giving us some shirts.)os - you (plural familiar) - Marà ­a os da unas camisas. (Mary is giving you some shirts.)les - you (plural formal), them - Marà ­a les da unas camisas. (Mary is giving you some shirts, or Mary is giving them some shirts.) Note that the direct-object and indirect-object pronouns are identical in the first and second persons. Where they differ is in the third person, where the only indirect objects (except in what is usually considered substandard speech) are le and les. Using Indirect Objects in Special Cases As some of the above examples indicate, an indirect-object pronoun is used whenever a sentence includes an indirect object, even though a pronoun might not be used in English. A further clause can be added for clarity or emphasis, but, unlike in English, an indirect pronoun is the norm. For example, le escribà ­ could mean I wrote to him, I wrote to her or I wrote to you, depending on the context. To clarify, we can add a prepositional phrase, as in le escribà ­ a ella for I wrote to her. Note that le is still typically used, even though a ella makes it redundant. Both direct- and indirect-object pronouns are typically placed before conjugated verbs, as in the above examples. They can be (but dont have to be) attached to infinitives and present participles: Te voy a escribir una carta and voy a escribirte una carta (I am going to write you a letter) are both correct, as are le estoy comprando un coche and estoy comprndole un coche (I am buying him a car). In commands, direct and/or indirect objects are attached to affirmative commands but precede negative commands. Escrà ­beme (write me), but no me escribas (dont write me). Note that in affirmative commands and when attaching an object to a present participle, attaching the object at the end of the verb can result in an orthographic accent being needed to keep the stress on the correct syllable. If you have a direct object and an indirect object with the same verb, the indirect object comes first. Te las escribo. (I am writing them to you.) Sample Sentences Using Indirect-Object Pronouns Indirect objects are shown in these sentences in boldface. Object pronouns in regular type are direct objects or objects of prepositions. No le voy a dar el gusto a nadie de vencerme tan facilmente. (I am not going to give anyone the pleasure of defeating me so easily. A nadie is a redundant phrase; le remains necessary. The -me of vencerme is a direct object.) ¿Nunca me has visto beber algo ms que una copa de vino? (Have you never seen me drink more than one cup of wine? Beber here is an infinitive acting as a direct object.)Le construyeron un gimnasio para que pudiera ejercitarse. (They built him/her a gymnasium so he/she could exercise. Note that the indirect object here can apply to both males and females.)Queremos decirle a ella que ella forma gran parte de nuestras vidas. (We want to tell her that she makes up a big part of our lives. Que and the words following function as a direct object.)

Travis perkins performance in the main market Essay

Travis perkins performance in the main market - Essay Example Also, the trading volume of Travis Perkins became excessively high which established a strong performance of the company. This facilitated the inclusion of the company in FTSE 100. The investment banks invested heavily in Travis Perkins due to its strong financial fundamentals and facilitated a noticeable improvement in the performance levels of the company. This resulted in more and more investors including the private and institutional investors to invest in the shares of the company (Shapiro, 2005, p.121). As a result the share prices of the company went up, the trading volume as well as other performance measure metrics for moving into the FTSE 100 became extensively improved. The valuation of the stocks of Travis Perkins went up due to the high support from the investment bankers. As a result of all these factors, Travis Perkins could easily enter into the main index from the FTSE 250. The Board of Directors of Travis Perkins was extremely efficient in terms of strategic management, succession planning as well as risk management. The Board of Directors of Travis Perkins implemented corporate governance practices and management strategies which influenced better performance of the company. The different corporate restructuring processes followed by the management of the company resulted in the increase in the investor attractiveness for the company (Jennings, 2001, p.4). This resulted in a high volume of trading for the shares of Travis Perkins. The performance levels of the company were improved and the company became financially stronger which influenced the investors to invest their money in the stocks of Travis Perkins. The FTSE 100 includes the top 100 companies measured by the capitalization factor. Whereas the FTSE 250 include the next 250 companies, measured by capitalization in the United Kingdom Market (Fay, 2006, p.114). There may be four different stock movements between the two indexes. These include: The stocks of Travis Perkins displayed

Propose a Research Method and Design - Propose and Justify Research Paper

Propose a Method and Design - Propose and Justify Method and Design - Research Paper Example More broadly will be based on three key motivations: 1. To study the impacts of high energy costs in the information and technology sector as well as the significance of adopting cloud computing technologies in the management of data centers. 2. To investigate the underlying concept behind cloud computing and the relations between various data virtualization techniques and other emerging technologies. 3. To determine the potential benefits of moving data centers to the cloud both in small and large organizations. The research will also seek to explore the potential use of cloud computing in the reduction of carbon emissions. Lastly, the research will also involve investigate the associated risks of adopting the use of cloud data centers as well as some of the available remedies to such risks. Research questions Generally the three main research questions are designed to bring light on some of the greater issues associated with the adopting of cloud data centers. 1. What are the curre nt implications of high energy costs in the information sector and what is the potential significance of using cloud computing technologies to lower energy consumption? 2. What is the concept behind cloud computing and data virtualization? 3. ... For example, the selection of the respondents will be achieved by mapping out individuals who are either directly or indirectly engaged in the information and communication technology sector. For example, the chosen respondents who will participate in the research will primarily be selected from social groups and individuals who are working or participating in the ICT industry and are therefore well informed of the recent technological developments such as cloud computing. Interviews and questionnaires will then be conducted to determine their individual experiences with both the traditional data centers and the emerging virtual private cloud servers. Before administering interviews or questionnaires for the research, pilot tests will first be carried out, validated and checked to determine the reliability of the research methodology and design (Creswell, 43). Lastly, the questionnaires and interview questions will be developed based on the how the collected data and responses will b e analyzed as well as how they are related to the main research questions. Interviews A purposeful sampling strategy will be used to select 20 respondents are required to participate in the research. Some of the potential individuals that will be selected to participate in the research include computer entrepreneurs, business managers and members of private data centers as well as their friends and families. The selected participants will then be divided into four groups of five respondents each. This will make it easier to compare the experiences of various respondents in relation to the topic of study. To minimize potential research biasness, both structured and semi structured interviews will

Financial Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Financial Management - Essay Example The companys fortunes have improved since the launch of a recovery programme by CEO Justin King in 2004. It is apparently closing in on ASDA with its improving market share of 16.22 per cent (ASDA:16.6 per cent). One of the three leading distributors of consumer goods in the UK, the Sainsbury group runs 350 supermarkets and 300 shops branded Sainsburys Local and Bells Stores, offering a range of articles from food to health care products, of which under half are sold under the companys own brand. The company also owns real estate and a bank, Sainsburys Bank, which offers such services as loans, insurance, fund management, and credit cards. It is headquartered in London, England. This paper shall discuss the financial management policies of Sainsbury PLC with regard to three aspects of its operations: Capital Asset Pricing Model, the Weighted Average Cost of Capital, and Dividend Policy. In order to apply the Capital Asset Pricing Model, it is necessary to find a method to estimate the future beta, a component of a security’s risk which cannot be eliminated through diversification, which can applied in estimation of future returns. The least squares regression can be used to develop a linear equation to explain the relationship between return on the stock and return on the market. The characteristic line is usually used to describe the relationship between the rate of return of a market portfolio and the rate of return of a security. It is derived by using regression analysis that summarizes a particular security or portfolios systematic risk and rate of return. The rate of return is dependent on the standard deviation of the assets returns and the slope of the characteristic line, which is represented by the assets beta. A characteristic line of a stock is the same as the security market line. The slope of the line, which is a measure of systematic risk, determines the risk-return trade-off. According to this metric, the more risk you take on -

Managing Quality In Health And Social Care Social Work Essay

Managing Quality In Health And Social Care Social Work Essay 1.0 Introduction to the Case In this assignment I am going to use a nursing home for elderly residents, both male and female with both dementia and different medical conditions like diabetes, Parkinsons disease and hypertension. Some of the service users in this nursing home are bed bound while others are mobile or self dependant. It has two floors with 42 bed capacity. 1.1 What quality means to the following stakeholders Service users These are residents or clients in our Nursing home. Quality to our service users means any service that is offered to their satisfaction for example: Respect: Most of our residents prefer to be addressed by the names while some prefer to be addressed as Mr. or Mrs. We respect their wishes and this makes them happy. Also when we are offering personal care like washing or bathing we ensure that doors are shut for privacy and dignity purposes we also respect their age as adults and treat them as adults according to their wishes Choice: Residents choices in our nursing home are usually observed as this makes them to have their freedom of choice in whatever they want to have for example we have different menu choices for foods and drinks and before we serve them we ask them what they prefer to have. The same applies to the way they prefer to dress and so we offer them a choice on their own clothes and activities that they would like to participate in and at the end of it all they are happy and the quality of service offered is satisfactory to them and everybody else. Confidentiality: Anything concerning a resident in our Nursing home is private and confidential unless for medical reasons like consultation and to those who are concerned like family and relatives. Friends and family: They usually appreciate when they are involved in care plans of their relatives and they are satisfied when what they have agreed on is followed through. Safety they are always appreciative and supportive when they know that their parents and friends (residents) are free from harm by the care they are provided with for example safe from falls, abuse and infections within the nursing home. They like their relatives to be treated equally like other residents without discrimination because of either their conditions, disabilities or ethnicity. Carers: These are the major service providers in our nursing home and quality to them means: Equity- all service providers should be treated equally regardless of their race, ethnicity, gender and knowledge and skills they have on their job when this is put into consideration they are motivated and tend to offer the best quality of care to residents which in turn leads to customer satisfaction. Safety all service providers in our Nursing home ensure they are safe on the environment they work on for their sake, residents, relatives and friends and anyone concerned. We ensure proper procedures are followed such as moving and handling by using proper equipment on residents like hoists and slings to avoid accidents to ourselves and to residents. Carers are always happy when they are not abused either by residents, relatives and friends or their fellow carers. We have four different models of quality Total quality management: a way of managing people and business processes to ensure complete customer satisfaction at every stage internally and externally (Department of Trade and Industry, DTI 2010). Although different quality experts emphasize different experts of this methodology, its major components can be summarised as follows: processes, people, management systems and performance measurement. According to Ross and Perry (1999), in addition to creating delighted customers through empowered employees, total quality management processes also lead to higher revenue and lower cost. In our Nursing home, every department is involved in implementing quality management to offer the best quality of service; we always work as a team and ensure we have offered the best quality of care that our residents need. Continuous quality improvement: is a system that seeks to improve the provision of services with an emphasis on future results (Marshall, 2003). In our nursing home, the manager ensures that every service provider receives training, implements what they have learnt and they are supervised if there is need for retraining again we are retrained this ensures that we receive updated information to offer the best quality of service. Quality standards: The Care Quality Commission for England has produced a guidance to help providers of health and adult social care to comply with the Health and Social Care Act 2008 (Regulated Activities) Regulations 2010 and the Care Quality Commission (Registration) Regulations 2009 (CQC, 2010b). This guide contains the regulations and the outcomes that the CQC expects people using a service will experience if the provider complies. This forms the basis for the quality standards in care homes. There are 16 core ones range from respecting people receiving the services to safety and suitability of premises and staffing levels just to mention a few. In my care setting, we get an annual inspection from UKAF over and above inspections from CQC and have been given a star rating of three. All activities this year are geared towards a rating of four. Quality cycles: According to QCC (2010b) quality cycles represent periods within which care homes should be reviewed to determine compliance in its service provision. This may be annually. However private organisations like the United Kingdom Accreditation service also offers a quality cycle inspection called the Residential and Domiciliary care Benchmarking (RDB). The RDB annual quality cycle supports strategic planning by providing comparative feedback on a homes care provision and enables the identification of performance gaps and cost/benefit assessments to be made (UKAF, 2010). In this model we have four major aspects to be looked into namely: planning, doing, checking and acting. Quality and principles of care Legislation -these are laws and rules set by the government on how the provision of care should be for example protection of vulnerable adults. In our nursing home, every service provider should be ready to protect all residents from any form of abuse we attend mandatory trainings such as safeguarding vulnerable adults according to regulations by the CQC (2010b). Safety- in our nursing home we always do risk assessment on every service user and put measures in place like using bed rails to prevent falls by doing this we have protected residents from accidents and this ensures quality service to our residents. Independence-service users should be made in control of their lives by allowing them to do some of the things like arranging their wardrobes, making and tidying their rooms by themselves because some of the residents are very active and would like to do what they used to do before and we always encourage them to do while we supervise them and this makes them happy hence promoting the quality of service as they are satisfied. Rights- service users should continue to enjoy the same rights when in nursing homes like they used to when they were living independently. Every service user supported in nursing homes has the right to say NO, right to have a relationship and the right to have a say in their care plan. Service providers always tend to balance service users rights against their responsibilities whether both are at risk or not. 1.4) External agencies: These are bodies that regulate quality of care including: The Care Quality Commission an independent regulator for health and social care in England (CQC 2010a; 2010b). They regulate care provided by NHS, local authority, private company and voluntary organisations. Their aim is to make sure better care is provided for everyone. In our nursing home Care Quality Commission makes a minimum of three inspections annually (two announced and one unannounced) on such things as how we provide care in terms of cleanliness of the home and to service users.. It has a wide range of enforcement powers to take action on behalf of service users  if services are unacceptably low. The  CQC makes sure that the voices of service users are heard by asking people to share their experiences of care services. It makes sure that users views are at the heart of its reports and reviews. The CQC takes action if providers do not meet essential quality standards, or if there is reason to think that peoples basic rights or safety are at risk (CQC, 2010) through a wide range of enforcement powers, such as fines and public warnings, and can be flexible about how and when to use them. It can apply specific conditions in response to serious risks. For example, it can demand that a hospital ward or service is closed until the provider meets safety requirements or is suspended. The National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE)- this is an independent organisation responsible for providing national guidance on promoting good health preventing and treating ill health (NICE, 2010). In our Nursing home, residents who have anxiety, panic attacks request for sedatives in order for them to sleep they are usually reassured and instead a government practitioner is consulted to review and advice them accordingly. Service providers take NICE guidelines trainings on different medical conditions for example diabetic foot (identification and care of the foot). 2.1) Quality Standards Benchmarks: According to Philip B. Crosby (1999) benchmarks are indicators of best practice including access to care environment and the culture of a home. The Benchmarks is one of the most comprehensive sets of social and environmental criteria and business performance indicators available (Daniels et al 2000). Our nursing home is accessible publically, to wheel chairs, a spacious car park and a section for activities for residents and relatives. We also have a signing in visitors book stating whom they are visiting. Code of practice for social care workers and employers for social care workers This document is developed by General Social Council and it contains agreed codes of practice for social care workers and employers of social care workers describing the standards of conduct and practice within which they should work ( GSCC, 2002). Employers use this set of code of practice to make decisions about the conduct of staff and support social care workers to meet their code of practice. Service users and members of the public use the codes to help them understand the behaviour of social workers (how they should behave towards them) and also how employers should support social care workers to do their job well. It is the responsibility of social care workers to make sure that their conduct does not fall below the standards set in the code of practice and no action or omission harms service users (NCSC, 2010). Social care workers must protect the interests of service users, maintain confidence, respect rights, promote independence, be accountable for the quality of their wor k and take responsibility for maintaining and improving their knowledge and skills. The general social council expect social care workers to meet the codes and may take actions (deregistering) if registered workers fail. 2.2) Different approaches to implementing quality Communication is a means of passing information from one person to another. In our nursing home we have different ways of communication like when doing care plans we always document what we have done for a resident so that whoever takes over knows what to do next to ensure continuity of care. Also when handing over is done during change of shifts information about residents is shared and everyone is aware of any changes in care plans in accordance to CQC guidelines (CQC, 2010). We also have staff meetings where certain information is passed on and in cases where staffs have a problem it is addressed and solutions are given out. For effective communication systems there should be a language that everyone understands. Policies and procedures These are guidelines set on how to do things often informed through regulations as outlined in various government documents (GSCC, 2002; NICE, 2010; CQC, 2010a. 2010b). In our Nursing home we have different policies and procedures for example in cases of accidents to residents we are required to fill a resident incident report and pass it on to the supervisor families, friends and relatives are informed about the accident then precautions are put into place walking frames, to avoid future occurrences of similar accidents. Infection control policy helps to prevent spread of infections within our nursing home. We always use personal protective equipment when offering personal care to residents, handling of any infectious wastes. We also use the proper technique for hand washing. There are also hand gels in each residents room, in public toilets and at the entrance of the building for sanitation purposes and all wastes like clinical and kitchen wastes are usually put in the bins ready for collection. In cases of disease outbreaks like diarrhoea and vomiting residents are isolated and managed separately and proper hand washing techniques are used to prevent further spread of the infection. Whistle blowing policy is designed to deal with issues that do not directly affect the employee and their employment but are a cause for concern in relation to the harm that may be done to other employees, residents or the wider community. Any employee who is concerned about their personal situation should raise their concern with their line supervisor or manager. This policy is for reporting issues like elderly abuse, misuse of drugs, faulty machinery that may cause accidents, illegal dumping of waste. The policy protects not only employees but the wide community. Confidentiality- all residents or service users information is private and confidential. It is not a proper practice to discuss residents information in public like their conditions and behaviours by doing that is breaching the policy and legal action should be taken. In nursing homes all information is kept safely and only accessible to relevant persons. This promotes quality of service 2.3) Quality systems ISO 9001 involves a set of procedures that cover all key processes in the business, monitoring processes to ensure they are effective, keeping adequate records and facilitating continual improvement. They have certain requirements like internal regulations, claims and procedures for residents, suggestion box and contract with uses. It also covers the importance of understanding and meeting customer requirements, communication, resource requirements, training and products, Leadership, Involvement of people, Process approach, and System approach to management and Continual improvement (Tricker and Sherring- Lucas, 2001). In our nursing home for the provision of all these elements and reporting them on day to day basis for example there is a clear procedure for residents complains. Carers, residents and relatives are informed and logged in a special complaints book and complains are followed up. When all this are put into practice, there is employee and customer satisfaction, resulting from better defined and implemented business processes. As a result of this we have motivated staffs, who understands their roles and how their work affects quality, improved product and service quality, happier customers, and improved management and operational processes, resulting in less waste (both time and materials) Business excellence is a widely used framework that helps companies to review their performance and practices in a number of areas and identify targets and actions for improvement based on principles of customer service stakeholder value and process management ( British Quality Foundation, BQF 2010). Managers develop the mission, vision and values and are role models of a culture of Excellence. Studies in Taiwan have shown that in care homes where this model is applied, managers are personally involved in ensuring the organisations management system is developed, implemented and continuously improved are involved with customers, partners and representatives of society and also motivate, support and recognise the organisations people (Cheng B, Chang, C and Sheng L. 2005). In our nursing home we use a balanced score card to keep track of activities by staff and measure consequences arising based on the British Quality Foundation model ( BQF, 2010).Service users families and relatives m easure in a scale of 1-5 where one is poor and five is excellent. We work hard in poorly rated areas to improve the quality of service. At the same time managers set a number of targets on key areas of each staff members roles which are then assessed on monthly review and awards are given to the best. This motivates other team members to work hard and best to attain the best and by doing so they provide best quality and we excel. 2.4) Trainings this refers to a learning process that involves the acquisition of knowledge, sharpening of skills and concepts (Stevens, 2004. In our nursing there are mandatory trainings offered to service providers before commencing to work like basic food hygiene, manual handling Healthy and safety is ensuring that the environment where we are working is safe for service users, other staff and others in general by our actions and omissions. It is a responsibility to all staff to ensure that the environment is safe to work on. For safety purposes in our nursing home we do not use equipment unless it has been checked and serviced. Also default equipments are labelled DO NOT USE to prevent and avoid accidents. We also have controlled cupboards where substances that are hazardous to health are stored and locked away. When there is a defect on the environment like chipped floors, loose hanging electricity wires we report to the maintenance coordinator and they are rectified immediately to avoid accidents. Again when housekeeping team are doing cleaning they always display cleaning boards and everybody is aware that cleaning is on progress or the floor is wet and they avoid using it until it is dry by doing this they minimise chances of accidents like falls 2.5) According to Marshall (2003) and Stevens (2004), external and internal barriers to delivering quality are any obstacle which prevents a given policy instrument being implemented or limits the way in which it can be implemented. They include: Resources: lack of adequate resources hinders quality of service for example inadequate or shortage of staff affects the quality of services offered and this leads to unsatisfaction of service users as they get services that are not adequate and for service providers because they are overworked. In nursing homes when there are staffs shortages they arrange cover shifts earlier by either bank staff or some agencies registered with the home. Financial barriers include budget restrictions like food supplies and other supplies like incontinent products limits the overall expenditure and this leads to inadequate provision of quality services to residents Personal Appearance: Hygiene and grooming, eating habits and attire can vary from country to country and culture to culture. For example, some people may wear attire such as a headdress as part of their custom and beliefs. To remain true to their beliefs, some workers may want to continue to wear this dress at their workplace. Employers may view this as inappropriate or unsafe. It is particularly problematic in workplaces where workers wear uniforms. Religion: In many cultures, religion dominates life in a way that is often difficult for employers to understand. For example, workers from some cultures may want to pray while at work times in accordance with their values and beliefs. There may also be religious holidays on which people of certain religions are forbidden to work. These differences need to be respected, where possible, and not ignored and they affect the quality of service. Language barriers often go hand-in hand with cultural differences, posing additional problems and misunderstandings in the workplace. When people cannot communicate properly they are frustrated when communicating with supervisors, co-workers and residents this can be dangerous because people may end up performing poorly in their work thus affecting quality of service offered. Legal and institutional barriers -these include lack of legal powers to implement a particular instrument and responsibilities which are split between agencies limiting the ability of an institution. Like the law states that students should work for twenty hours only which creates shortages at work affecting quality of services. 3.1) According to Business Dictionary.com (2010), policies are principles, rules and guidelines formulated or adopted by an organization to reach its long term goals. They are designed to influence and determine all major decisions, actions and activities take place within the boundaries set by them and procedures are specific methods employed to express policies in action in day to day operations of the organization. For example, in nursing homes the National Care Standards Commission for England, NCSC (2010) has outlined requirements that these homes must meet which in effect guide their policies and principles. These policies include, but not limited to: manual handling procedures, Risk assessment and Infection control. Manual handling These are techniques used to handle or move service users like hoisting, using belts and sliding sheets to move residents these are safe procedures for both residents and service providers as they minimise accidents to both cases and this promotes quality of service (CQC, 2010). On the other hand, they have disadvantages like time consuming when doing procedures like hoisting which requires two or three persons and also residents may not like the experiences of hoisting and thirdly it needs trainings to be carried out. Risk assessments According to healthy and safety at work act (1974) the Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulation (1999) states that it is the responsibilities of managers to do risk assessment to employers and employees. to reduce and prevent risks to them in future and they are included in their care plan so that quality of care can be improved for example residents with risks of falling have walking frames, falling mats and bed rails put in place to avoid falls but again things like bed rails have caused accidents in that residents are trapped and some sustain fractures which affect quality of service 3.2) factors that influence the achievement of quality of personal care Quality is a difficult concept to capture directly. However, resident or organisational outcomes are often used as a proxy for quality (Marshall, 2003). There is considerable debate about the relationship between quality of care and quality of life as joint, but not necessarily competing, measures of quality. A study for the Joseph Rowntree Foundation indicates that residents perceptions of nursing staff are a good indicator of quality of care (JRF, 2008).The importance of measures of social care and of homeliness epitomise the divide between health and social care provision in care homes. Factors influencing residents satisfaction with care are discussed below: Team working Heath care workers working in teams has been recognised as an improving the quality of care (Stevens, 2004; Borill et al 1999). According to Stevens, the intention is for carers to share tasks and learn from each other and possibly improve based on their experiences. This can be illustrated by the quotation below: The best and most cost-effective outcomes for patients and clients are achieved when professionals work together, learn together, engage in clinical audit of outcomes together, and generate innovation to ensure progress in practice and service. (Borill et al 1999 p.6). Stevens has for example reported from a number of surveys from UK nursing homes to suggest that there is a reduction in carer burden and significant reduction in stress when staff work in teams resulting in better coping and satisfaction. Both these studies (Stevens, 2004; Borill et al 1999) found that service users surveyed showed more satisfaction when carers and health workers worked in teams Healthy and safety at work The responsibilities of care home proprietors are subject to a range of health and safety legislation among them the Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974, the Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999 which require employers to assess the risks to employees and other who may be affected by their undertaking, (residents) and the control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations ( Care Quality Commission, 2010). These regulations have led to dramatic improvements in the safety of residents and people working in care homes according to the care quality commission. For instance, guidelines requiring minimalist manual handling has significantly reduced the numbers of health workers staying off work due to illness which has a positive effect on the level of personal care of residents ( CQC, 2010a). However, a report for the Joseph Rawtree Foundation (JRF, 2008) showed that the percentage of medication errors and adverse events in nursing homes have increased despite regular inspections by the CQC. Stevens (2004) has also reported survey results from 27 residential homes with dementia patients where 19% cases of medication errors were reported. In my care setting, clear improvements can be seen from less harm to residents when using the hoist but not many service users like to use the hoist. Some risk assessments in care homes have made it very difficult to take residents outdoors or even for activities outside the home for fear of not meeting the Health and safety requirements and this ends up reducing the quality of care. 3.3 The following recommendation can improve the quality of care in Nursing homes Training /education This means acquiring knowledge and skills or new information on how to do things according to the recommended regulations and standards ( Stevens 2004). This is a very important aspect in nursing homes all trainings as it provides ongoing trainings to update service providers and equip them with relevant and current information that enables them to provide the best quality of care that will be satisfactory to service users. In our nursing home trainings are offered and need to be implemented then supervision is done and in cases where need for retraining arises, arrangements are done and they are offered for the benefits of service users, service providers and the community at large as it reduces or minimises preventable accidents and this promotes the quality of service Review This means going through the set of targets or planned activities to see the progress whether it is improving or getting worse. This alerts and actions or precautions are put in place to make the situation improve for better quality of service ( Stevens, 2004). For example in our nursing home there are always monthly reviews of care plans of service users this includes individual or family interviews to determine whether residents are improving or need some improved care plans like in moving and handling procedures (use of hoist or belts) and then action is taken accordingly. Also for staff there is quarterly staff meetings or when need arises and previous discussed or current issues are raised and a way forward on how to carry on is agreed. There are always individual supervisions done by allocated persons and each employee identifies areas that need improvement and good performing areas by doing this there is improvement of quality of service Conclusion It has been shown that in order to improve services to users in the social care sector, it is important to follow principles, guidelines and procedures set by government, industry bodies or even individual homes. There is also need for planning, doing and checking and then reviewing to assess shortcomings in order to design improvement regimes. Similarly, it has been shown that although there is legislation and care industry standards, it will require long term commitments in developing methods, instruments and communication procedures involving all stakeholders at care or residential home level.